pan- all, every. panacea, panoptic, panoply.
therm- hot, heat. thermograph, thermal, thermosphere.
path- sympathy, pathetic, pathos.
candid- honest. candidly.
mort- death. mortal, mortgagee.
script- write. scriptorium, scripture.
trans- accross, beyond. transducer, transpire.
※Definition
hyperbole:exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
slender:(of a person or part of the body) gracefully thin.
slander:the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
vague:of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning.
vogue:the prevailing fashion or style at a particular time.
acute:(of a bad, difficult, or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree.
heresy:belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine.
fervid:intensely enthusiastic or passionate, especially to an excessive degree.
attenuated:unnaturally thin.
incumbent:necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
venerable:accorded a great deal of respect, especially because of age, wisdom, or character.
succinct:(especially of something written or spoken) briefly and clearly expressed.
salubrious:health-giving; healthy.
discreet:careful and circumspect in one's speech or actions, especially in order to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage.
slovenly:(especially of a person or their appearance) messy and dirty.
※Moon River
"Moon River" is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It received an Academy Award for Best Original Song for its performance by Audrey Hepburn in the movie Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961).[1] It also won Mancini the 1962 Grammy Award for Record of the Year and won Mancini and Mercer the Grammy Award for Song of the Year.[2] The song has been covered by many other artists.
Moon river, wider than a mile
I'm crossin' you in style some day
Old dream maker, you heartbreaker
Wherever you're goin', I'm goin' your way
Two drifters, off to see the world
There's such a lot of world to see
We're after the same rainbow's end, waitin' 'round the bend
My huckleberry friend, Moon River, and me
Two drifters, off to see the world
There's such a lot of world to see
We're after the same rainbow's end, waitin' 'round the bend
My huckleberry friend, Moon River, and me
※Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (or, in more recent editions, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885. Commonly named among the Great American Novels, the work is among the first in major American literature to be written throughout in vernacular English, characterized by local color regionalism. It is told in the first person by Huckleberry "Huck" Finn, a friend of Tom Sawyer and narrator of two other Twain novels (Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective). It is a direct sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
※The Pink Panther
The Pink Panther is a series of comedy-mystery films featuring an inept French police detective, Inspector Jacques Clouseau. The series began with the release of The Pink Panther (1963). The role of Clouseau was originated by, and is most closely associated with, Peter Sellers. Most of the films were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards, with theme music composed by Henry Mancini. Elements and characters inspired by the films were adapted into other media, including books, comic books and animated series.
※Job(Bible figure)
Job is the central figure of the Book of Job in the Bible. Job is a prophet in the Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In rabbinical literature, Iyov (אִיּוֹב) is called one of the prophets of the Gentiles.
※Vocabulary Journal
WEEK31
heresy (n.) Look up heresy at Dictionary.com
"doctrine
or opinion at variance with established standards" (or, as Johnson defines
it, "an opinion of private men different from that of the catholick and
orthodox church"), c. 1200, from Old French heresie, eresie
"heresy," and by extension "sodomy, immorality" (12c.),
from Latin hæresis, "school of thought, philosophical sect." The
Latin word is from Greek hairesis "a taking or choosing for oneself, a
choice, a means of taking; a deliberate plan, purpose; philosophical sect,
school," from haireisthai "take, seize," middle voice of hairein
"to choose," a word of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE *ser- (5) "to
seize" (source of Hittite šaru "booty," Welsh herw
"booty").
The Greek word
was used by Church writers in reference to various sects, schools, etc. in the
New Testament: the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and even the Christians, as sects
of Judaism. Hence the meaning "unorthodox religious sect or doctrine"
in the Latin word as used by Christian writers in Late Latin. But in English
bibles it usually is translated sect. Transferred (non-religious) use in
English is from late 14c.
prudent (adj.) Look up prudent at Dictionary.com
late 14c.,
from Old French prudent "with knowledge, deliberate" (c. 1300), from
Latin prudentem (nominative prudens) "knowing, skilled, sagacious,
circumspect;" rarely in literal sense "foreseeing;" contraction
of providens, present participle of providere "to foresee" (see
provide). Re
ostensible (adj.) Look up ostensible at Dictionary.com
1762,
"capable of being shown, presentable," from French ostensible, from
Latin ostens-, past participle stem of ostendere "to show, expose to view;
to stretch out, spread before; exhibit, display," from ob "in front
of" (see ob-) + tendere "to stretch" (see tenet). Meaning
"apparent, professed" is from 1771.
fervid (adj.) Look up fervid at Dictionary.com
1590s,
"burning, glowing, hot," from Latin fervidus "glowing, burning;
vehement, fervid," from fervere "to boil, glow" (see brew (v.)).
Figurative sense of "impassioned" is from 1650s. Related: Fervidly;
fervidness.
spurious (adj.) Look up spurious at Dictionary.com
1590s,
"born out of wedlock," from Latin spurius "illegitimate,
false" (source also of Italian spurio, Spanish espurio), from spurius (n.)
"illegitimate child," probably from Etruscan spural
"public." Sense of "having an irregular origin, not properly
constituted" is from c. 1600; that of "false, sham" is from
1610s; of writing, etc., "not proceeding from the source pretended, 1620s.
Related: Spuriously; spuriousness.
-
propagate (v.) Look up propagate at Dictionary.com
1560s,
"to cause to multiply," from Latin propagatus, past participle of
propagare "to set forward, extend, procreate" (see propagation).
Intransitive sense "reproduce one's kind" is from c. 1600. Related:
Propagated; propagating.
anomaly (n.) Look
up anomaly at Dictionary.com
1570s, from
Latin anomalia, from Greek anomalia "inequality," noun of quality
from anomalos "uneven, irregular," from an-, privative prefix,
"not" (see an- (1)) + homalos "even," from homos
"same" (see same).
innocuous (adj.) Look up innocuous at Dictionary.com
1590s, from
Latin innocuus "harmless; innocent; inoffensive," from in-
"not" (see in- (1)) + nocuus "hurtful," from root of nocere
"to injure, harm," from *nok-s-, suffixed form of PIE root *nek- (1)
"death" (see necro-). Related: Innocuously; innocuousness.
(n.) Look up
surfeit at Dictionary.com
early 14c.,
"excess quantity;" late 14c., "overindulgence," from Old
French sorfet "excess; arrogance" (Modern French surfait), noun use
of past participle of surfaire "overdo," from sur- "over"
(see sur- (1)) + faire "do," from Latin facere "to make,
do" (see factitious).
(v.) Look up
surfeit at Dictionary.com
late 14c.,
intransitive, "indulge or feed to excess," from surfeit (n.).
Related: Surfeited; surfeiting. Transitive sense from 1590s.
(n.) Look up
milieu at Dictionary.com
"surroundings,"
1877, from French milieu, "middle, medium, mean," literally
"middle place" (12c.), from mi "middle" (from Latin medius;
see medial (adj.)) + lieu "place" (see lieu).
-
strident (adj.) Look up strident at Dictionary.com
1650s, from
French strident (16c.) and directly from Latin stridentem (nominative
stridens), present participle of stridere "utter an inarticulate sound,
grate, screech," from PIE *(s)trei-, possibly of imitative origin (source
also of Greek trismos "a grinding, scream"). Related: Stridently;
stridence; stridency.
concomitant (adj.)
Look up concomitant at Dictionary.com
c. 1600, from
French concomitant, from Late Latin concomitantem (nominative concomitans),
present participle of concomitari "accompany, attend," from com
"with, together" (see com-) + comitari "join as a
companion," from comes (genitive comitis) "companion" (see coun
lassitude (n.) Look up lassitude at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
from Latin lassitudinem (nominative lassitudo) "faintness,
weariness," from lassus "faint, tired, weary," from PIE
*led-to-, suffixed form of *led- "slow, weary" (source also of Old
English læt "sluggish, slow;" see late (adj.)), from root *le- (2)
"to let go, slacken" (see lenient).
deleterious (adj.) Look up deleterious at Dictionary.com
1640s, from
Medieval Latin deleterius, from Greek deleterios "noxious," from
deleter "destroyer," from deleisthai "to hurt, injure."
Related: Deleteriously; deleteriousness.
efficacy (n.) Look up efficacy at Dictionary.com
1520s, from
Latin efficacia "efficacy, efficiency," from efficax (genitive
efficacis) "powerful, effectual, efficient," from stem of efficere
"work out, accomplish" (see effect (n.)). Earlier in same sense was
efficace (c. 1200), from Old French eficace (14c.), from Latin efficacia; also
efficacite (early 15c.), from Latin efficacitatem.
-
dissent (v.) Look
up dissent at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
from Latin dissentire "differ in sentiments, disagree, be at odds,
contradict, quarrel," from dis- "differently" (see dis-) +
sentire "to feel, think" (see sense (n.)). Related: Dissented;
dissenting. The noun is 1580s, from the verb.
Has there ever
been a society which has died of dissent? Several have died of conformity in
our lifetime. [Jacob Bronowski "Science and Human Values," 1956]
(v.) Look up
ferment at Dictionary.com
late 14c.
(intransitive), from Old French fermenter (13c.) and directly from Latin
fermentare "to leaven, cause to rise or ferment," from fermentum
"substance causing fermentation, leaven, drink made of fermented
barley," perhaps contracted from *fervimentum, from root of fervere
"to boil, seethe" (see brew (v.)). Transitive use from 1670s.
Figurative use from 1650s. Related: Fermented; fermenting.
(n.) Look up
ferment at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
from Middle French ferment (14c.), from Latin fermentum "leaven, yeast;
drink made of fermented barley;" figuratively "anger, passion"
(see ferment (v.)). Figurative sense of "anger, passion, commotion"
in English is from 1670s.
attenuated (v.) Look up attenuate at Dictionary.com
"to make
thin, to make less," 1520s, from Latin attenuatus "enfeebled,
weak," past participle of attenuare "to make thin, lessen,
diminish," from ad "to" (see ad-) + tenuare "make
thin," from tenuis "thin" (see tenet). Related: Attenuated;
attenuating. Earlier was Middle English attenuen "to make thin (in
consistency)," early 15c.
arbiter (n.) Look
up arbiter at Dictionary.com
late 14c.,
from Old French arbitre or directly from Latin arbiter "one who goes
somewhere (as witness or judge)," in classical Latin used of spectators
and eye-witnesses, in law, "he who hears and decides a case, a judge,
umpire, mediator;" from ad- "to" (see ad-) + baetere "to
come, go." The specific sense of "one chosen by two disputing parties
to decide the matter" is from 1540s. The earliest form of the word
attested in English is the fem. noun arbitress (mid-14c.) "a woman who
settles disputes."
(n.) Look up
incumbent at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
"person holding a church position," from Medieval Latin incumbentem
(nominative incumbens) "holder of a church position," noun use of
present participle of incumbere "to obtain or possess," from Latin
incumbere "recline on," figuratively "apply oneself to,"
from in- "on" (see in- (2)) + -cumbere "lie down," related
to cubare "to lie" (see cubicle). Extended to holders of any office
from 1670s.
(adj.) Look up
incumbent at Dictionary.com
1560s, in
relation to duties or obligations, from Medieval Latin incumbentem (nominative
incumbens), present participle of incumbere (see incumbent (n.)). The literal,
physical sense "lying or resting on something" is rare in English and
first attested 1620s.
WEEK32
profound (adj.) Look up profound at Dictionary.com
c. 1300,
"characterized by intellectual depth," from Old French profund (12c.,
Modern French profond), from Latin profundus "deep, bottomless,
vast," also "obscure; profound; immoderate," from pro
"forth" (see pro-) + fundus "bottom" (see fund (n.)). The
literal and figurative senses both were in Latin, but English, having already
deep, employed this word primarily in its figurative sense. Related:
Profoundly.
alleviate (v.) Look up alleviate at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
" to mitigate, relieve (sorrows, suffering, etc.)," from Late Latin
alleviatus, past participle of alleviare "lift up, raise,"
figuratively "to lighten (a burden), comfort, console," from Latin ad
"to" (see ad-) + levis "light" in weight (see lever).
Related: Alleviated; alleviating.
prodigious (adj.) Look up prodigious at Dictionary.com
1550s,
"ominous," from Middle French prodigieux and directly from Latin
prodigiosus "strange, wonderful, marvelous, unnatural," from
prodigium (see prodigy). Meaning "vast, enormous" is from c. 1600.
Related: Prodigiously; prodigiosity.
expedite (v.) Look up expedite at Dictionary.com
c. 1500
(implied in past participle expedit "accomplished"), from Latin
expeditus, past participle of expedire "extricate, disengage, liberate;
procure, make ready, put in order, make fit, prepare; explain, make
clear," literally "free the feet from fetters," hence to
liberate from difficulties, from ex "out" (see ex-) + *pedis
"fetter, chain for the feet," related to pes (genitive pedis)
"foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)).
Compare Greek pede "fetter." Related: Expedited; expediting.
celerity (n.) Look up celerity at Dictionary.com
late 15c.,
from Old French celeritee (14c., Modern French célérité), from Latin
celeritatem (nominative celeritas) "swiftness," from celer
"swift," from possible PIE root *kel- (3) "to drive, set in
swift motion" (source also of Sanskrit carati "goes," Greek
keles "fast horse or ship," keleuthos "journey, road,"
Lithuanian sulys "a gallop," Old High German scelo
"stallion").
-
usurp (v.) Look up usurp at Dictionary.com
early 14c.,
from Old French usurper "to (wrongfully) appropriate" (14c.), from
Latin usurpare "make use of, seize for use," in later Latin "to
assume unlawfully, trespass on," from usus "a use" (see use
(v.)) + rapere "to seize" (see rapid (adj.)). Related: Usurped;
usurping.
paltry (adj.) Look up paltry at Dictionary.com
1560s,
probably an adjectival use of noun paltry "worthless thing" (1550s),
associated with dialectal palt, pelt "trash," cognate with Middle Low
German and East Frisian palte "rag," Middle Dutch palt "broken
or torn fragment." Similar formation in Low German paltrig
"rubbishy," East Frisian palterig "ragged, torn."
condone (v.) Look up condone at Dictionary.com
1857, from
Latin condonare "to give up, remit, permit," from com-, intensive
prefix (see com-), + donare "to give" (see donation). Originally a
legal term in the Matrimonial Causes Act, which made divorce a civil matter in
Britain. Related: Condoned; condoning.
trivial (adj.) Look up trivial at Dictionary.com
"ordinary"
(1580s); "insignificant, trifling" (1590s), from Latin trivialis
"common, commonplace, vulgar," literally "of or belonging to the
crossroads," from trivium "place where three roads meet," in
transferred use, "an open place, a public place," from tri-
"three" (see three) + via "road" (see via). The sense
connection is "public," hence "common, commonplace."
The earliest
use of the word in English was early 15c., a separate borrowing in the academic
sense "of the trivium" (the first three liberal arts -- grammar,
rhetoric, and logic); from Medieval Latin use of trivialis in the sense
"of the first three liberal arts," from trivium, neuter of the Latin
adjective trivius "of three roads, of the crossroads." Related:
Trivially. For sense evolution to "pertaining to useless
information," see trivia.
bizarre (adj.) Look up bizarre at Dictionary.com
1640s, from
French bizarre "odd, fantastic" (16c.), from Italian bizarro
"irascible, tending to quick flashes of anger" (13c.), from bizza
"fit of anger, quick flash of anger" (13c.). The sense in Italian
evolved to "unpredictable, eccentric," then "strange,
weird," in which sense it was taken into French and then English. Older
derivation from Basque bizar "a beard" is no longer considered
tenable.
-
(adj.) Look up
menial at Dictionary.com
late 14c.,
"pertaining to a household," from Anglo-French meignial, from Old
French mesnie "household," earlier mesnede, from Vulgar Latin
*mansionata, from Latin mansionem "dwelling" (see mansion). Sense of
"lowly, humble, suited to a servant" is recorded by 1670s.
(n.) Look up
menial at Dictionary.com
"domestic
servant," late 14c., meynyal; see menial (adj.).
venerable (adj.) Look up venerable at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
"worthy of respect," from Old French venerable and directly from
Latin venerabilis "worthy of reverence or respect," from venerari
"to worship, revere" (see veneration). As a title, used in reference
to ecclesiastics (in the Anglican church, specifically of archdeacons) or those
who had obtained the first degree of canonization. Related: Venerably;
venerability.
extraneous (adj.) Look up extraneous at Dictionary.com
1630s, from
Latin extraneus "external, strange," literally "that is without,
from without" (as a noun, "a stranger"), from extra
"outside of" (see extra-). A doublet of strange. Related:
Extraneously.
ambiguous (adj.) Look up ambiguous at Dictionary.com
1520s, from
Latin ambiguus "having double meaning, shifting, changeable,
doubtful," adjective derived from ambigere "to dispute about,
contend, debate," literally "to wander, go about, go around,"
figuratively "hesitate, waver, be in doubt," from ambi-
"about" (see ambi-) + agere "drive, lead, act" (see act
(n.)). First attested in Sir Thomas More (1528); related ambiguity dates to c.
1400. Related: Ambiguously; ambiguousness.
succinct (adj.) Look up succinct at Dictionary.com
early 15c.,
"having one's belt fastened tightly," from Middle French succincte,
from Latin succinctus "prepared, ready; contracted, short," past
participle of succingere "tuck up (clothes for action), gird from
below," from assimilated form of sub "up from under" (see sub-)
+ cingere "to gird" (see cinch (n.)). Sense of "brief,
concise" first recorded 1530s. Related: Succinctness.
-
archaic (adj.) Look up archaic at Dictionary.com
1810, from or
by influence of French archaique (1776), ultimately from Greek arkhaikos
"old-fashioned," from arkhaios "ancient," from arkhe
"beginning" (see archon). Archaical is attested from 1799.
emulate (v.) Look up emulate at Dictionary.com
1580s,
back-formation from emulation, or else from Latin aemulatus, past participle of
aemulari "to rival." Related: Emulated; emulating; emulable;
emulative.
facetious (adj.) Look up facetious at Dictionary.com
1590s, from
French facétieux (16c.), from facétie "a joke" (15c.), from Latin
facetiae "jests, witticisms" (singular facetia), from facetus
"witty, elegant, fine, courteous," which is of unknown origin,
perhaps related to facis "torch."
Formerly often
in a good sense, "witty, amusing," but later implying a desire to be
amusing that is often intrusive or ill-timed. Related: Facetiously;
facetiousness. "Facetiæ in booksellers' catalogues, is, like curious, a
euphemism for erotica." [Fowler]
rabid (adj.) Look up rabid at Dictionary.com
1610s,
"furious, raving," from Latin rabidus "raging, furious, enraged;
inspired; ungoverned; rabid," from rabere "be mad, rave" (see
rage (v.)). Meaning "made mad by rabies" in English first recorded
1804. Related: Rabidly; rabidness.
salubrious (adj.) Look up salubrious at Dictionary.com
1540s, from
Latin salubris "promoting health, healthful," from salus (genitive
salutis) "welfare, health" (see salute (v.)). Related: Salubriously;
salubriousness.
WEEK33
complacent(adj) 1650s, "pleasing," from Latin complacentem
(nominative complacens) "pleasing," present participle of complacere
"be very pleasing" (see complacence). Meaning "pleased with oneself" is from 1767. Related: Complacently.
somber(adj) 1760 "gloomy, shadowy" (earlier sombrous, c.
1730), from French sombre "dark, gloomy," from
Old French sombre (14c.), from an adjective from Late Latin subumbrare
"to shadow," from sub "under" (see sub-) + umbra "shade, shadow," perhaps from a suffixed
form of PIE *andho- "blind, dark" (see umbrage). Related: Somberly; somberness.
debilitate(v) 1530s, from Latin debilitatus, past participle of debilitare
"to weaken," from debilis "weak" (see debility). Related: Debilitated; debilitating.
impetuous(adj) late 14c., "hot-tempered, fierce;" late 15c., "done or
given with a rush of force," from Old French impetuos
(13c., Modern French impétueux) and directly from Late
Latin impetuosus "impetuous, violent" (source also of
Spanish and Italian impetuoso), from Latin impetus
"attack" (see impetus). Related: Impetuously; impetuousness.
occult(adj) 1530s, "secret, not
divulged," from Middle French occulte and directly from
Latin occultus "hidden, concealed, secret," past
participle of occulere "cover over, conceal," from
assimilated form of ob "over" (see ob-) + a verb related to celare "to hide," from PIE
root *kel- (2) "to cover, conceal" (see cell). Meaning "not apprehended by the mind, beyond the range of
understanding" is from 1540s. The association with the supernatural
sciences (magic, alchemy, astrology, etc.) dates from 1630s.
discreet(adj) mid-14c., "morally discerning, prudent, circumspect," from Old
French discret "discreet, sensible, intelligent,
wise," from Latin discretus "separated,
distinct," in Medieval Latin "discerning, careful," past
participle of discernere "distinguish" (see discern). Meaning "separate, distinct" in English is late 14c.
Spellings discrete and nativized discreet co-existed until after c. 1600, when discreet became the common word for "careful, prudent," and discrete was maintained in philosophy, medicine, music and other disciplines that remembered Latin and made effort to obey it. Related: Discreetly.
Spellings discrete and nativized discreet co-existed until after c. 1600, when discreet became the common word for "careful, prudent," and discrete was maintained in philosophy, medicine, music and other disciplines that remembered Latin and made effort to obey it. Related: Discreetly.
foment(v) early 15c., "apply hot liquids," from Old French fomenter
"apply hot compress (to a wound)" (13c.), from Late Latin fomentare,
from Latin fomentum "warm application, poultice,"
contraction of *fovimentum, from fovere
"to warm; cherish, encourage" (see fever). Extended sense of "stimulate, instigate" (1620s), on the
notion of "encourage the growth of," as if by heat, probably was
taken from French. Related: Fomented; fomenting.
glean(v) early 14c., "to gather by acquisition, scrape together,"
especially grains left in the field after harvesting, but the earliest use in
English is figurative, from Old French glener
"to glean" (14c., Modern French glaner)
"to glean," from Late Latin glennare
"make a collection," of unknown origin. Perhaps from Gaulish (compare
Old Irish do-glinn "he collects, gathers," Celtic glan
"clean, pure"). Figurative sense was earlier in English than the
literal one of "gather grain left by the reapers" (late 14c.). Related:
Gleaned;
gleaning.
quarry(v) 1774, from quarry (n.2). Related: Quarried; quarrying.
slovenly(adj) 1510s, "low, base, lewd," later "untidy, dirty"
(1560s), from sloven + -ly (1). Related: Slovenliness; also in this sense was slovenry
(1540s), which OED reports in common use early 17c.
abjure(v) early 15c., "renounce on oath, repudiate, forswear," originally
especially "renounce or recant (a heresy) on oath," from Middle French
abjurer
or directly from Latin abiurare "deny on oath,"
from ab "off, away from" (see ab-) + iurare "to swear," from ius
(genitive iuris) "law" (see jurist). Related: Abjured; abjuring.
reproach(v) mid-14c., reprochen "to rebuke, reproach," from
Anglo-French repruchier, Old French reprochier
"upbraid, blame, accuse, speak ill of," from reproche
(see reproach (n.)). Related: Reproached; reproaching.
(n)mid-14c., "a rebuke, blame, censure;" also "object of scorn
or contempt;" c. 1400, as "disgrace, state of disgrace," from
Old French reproche "blame, shame, disgrace" (12c.), from reprochier
"to blame, bring up against," said by some French etymologists to be
from Vulgar Latin *repropiare, from Latin re-
"opposite of" + prope "near" (see propinquity), with suggestions of "bring near to" as in modern "get in
(someone's) face." But others would have it from *reprobicare,
from Latin reprobus/reprobare (see reprobate (adj.)).
penitent(adj) mid-14c., from Old French pénitent (14c.) and directly
from Latin paenitentem (see penitence). As a noun, late 14c., from the adjective.
evanescent(adj) 1717, "on the point of becoming imperceptible," from French évanescent,
from Latin evanescentem (nominative evanescens),
present participle of evanescere "disappear, vanish,
pass away," figuratively "be forgotten, be wasted," from
assimilated form of ex "out" (see ex-) + vanescere "vanish" (see vanish). Sense of "quickly vanishing, having no permanence" is by 1738.
tantamount(adj) 1640s, from verbal phrase tant amount "be
equivalent" (1620s), from Anglo-French tant amunter
"amount to as much" (late 13c.), from Old French tant
"as much" (11c., from Latin tantus, from
tam
"so;" see tandem) + amonter "amount to, go up" (see amount (v.)).
propensity(n) 1560s, "disposition to favor," with -ty + obsolete adjective propense "inclined, prone"
(1520s), from Latin propensus, past participle of propendere
"incline to, hang forward, hang down, weigh over," from pro
"forward" (see pro-) + pendere "hang" (see pendant).
wary(adj) late 15c., with -y (2) + ware, from Old English wær
"prudent, aware, alert, wary," from Proto-Germanic *waraz
(source also of Old Norse varr "attentive," Gothic wars
"cautious," Old Saxon giwar, Middle Dutch gheware,
Old High German giwar, German gewahr
"aware"), from PIE root *wer- (4) "to perceive,
watch out for" (see ward (n.)). Related: Warily; wariness.
allay(v) Middle English alegen, from Old English alecgan
"to put, place, put down; remit, give up, suppress, abolish; diminish,
lessen," from a- "down, aside" (see lay (v.)). A common Germanic compound (cognates: Gothic uslagjan
"lay down," Old High German irleccan,
German erlegen "to bring down").
Early Middle English pronunciations of -y-
and -g- were not always distinct, and the word was confused
in Middle English with various senses of Romanic-derived alloy (v.) and especially a now-obsolete verb allege
"to alleviate, lighten" (from Latin alleviare,
from ad "to" + levis
"light" in weight; see lever).
Amid the overlapping of meanings that thus arose, there
was developed a perplexing network of uses of allay and allege,
that belong entirely to no one of the original vbs., but combine the senses of
two or more of them. [OED]
Hence senses "lighten, alleviate; mix, temper,
weaken." The confusion with the Latin words probably also accounts for the
unetymological double -l-, attested from 17c. Related: Allayed;
allaying.
deter(v) 1570s, from Latin deterrere "to frighten from,
discourage from," from de- "away" (see de-) + terrere "frighten" (see terrible). Deterrent is from 1829.
connoisseur(n)1714, from French connoisseur (Modern French connaiseur),
from Old French conoisseor "an expert, a judge, one
well-versed," from conoistre "to know," from
Latin cognoscere "to get to know, recognize, become
well-acquainted with," from com "with, together"
(see com-) + gnoscere "recognize" (see notice (v.)).
沒有留言:
張貼留言