com- with, together. compeer, compatriot, compile.
pa- colloquial shortening of papa. parents, pannier, pabulum.
ma- childish or colloquial shortening of mamma.
madam, madrasah, manana.
anti- against, opposed to. antimatter, antitheism, antipope.
※Definition
YOLO: you only live once.
successful: accomplishing an aim or purpose.
successive: following one another or following others.
patriarchy: a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.
predecessor:a person who held a job or office before the current holder.
rally: come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion
※Penelope
Penelope is a 2006 British-American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Mark Palansky which was first released in 2006 and stars Christina Ricci, James McAvoy, Catherine O'Hara, Peter Dinklage, Richard E. Grant, and Reese Witherspoon.
※Trojan War
In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably through Homer's Iliad.
※Cassandra
Cassandra, also known as Alexandra or Kassandra, was a daughter of King Priam and of Queen Hecuba of Troy. In modern usage her name is employed as a rhetorical device to indicate someone whose accurate prophecies are not believed by those around them.
※Achilles' Heel
An Achilles' heel is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can actually or potentially lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.
※Vocabulary Journal
WEEK 7
arbitrary adjective / based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason
cognizant adjective / understanding or realizing something
effigy noun / a model or other object that represents someone, especially one of a hated person that is hanged or burned in a public place
exacerbate verb / to make something that is already bad even worse
flout verb / to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom
forthwith adverb / immediately
fray verb / to become or to cause the threads in cloth or rope to become slightly separated, forming loose threads at the edge or end
harass verb / to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time
implacable adjective / used to describe (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change
indigent adjective / very poor
jurisdiction noun / the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments
monolithic adjective / too large, too regular, or without interesting differences, and unwilling or unable to be changed
oust verb / to force someone to leave a position of power, job, place, or competition
paroxysm noun / a sudden and powerful expression of strong feeling, especially one that you cannot control
reprehensible adjective / If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable.
revert verb
>> revert to sb: to become the property of a particular person again
skirmish noun / a fight between a small number of soldiers that is usually short and not planned, and happens away from the main area of fighting in a war
stymie verb / to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose
terminate verb / to (cause something to) end or stop
turbulent adjective / involving a lot of sudden changes, arguments, or violence
WEEK8
afflict verb / If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it.
ascend verb / to move up or climb something
emaciated adjective / very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger
excruciating adjective / extremely painful
fretful adjective / behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable
harbinger noun / a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad
malignant adjective / A malignant disease or growth is likely to get worse and lead to death.
malnutrition noun / physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health
privation noun / a lack of the basic things that are necessary for an acceptable standard of living
remote adjective / far away in distance or time, or not closely related
respite noun / a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant
reverberating verb / If a loud, deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake.
sanctuary noun / protection or a safe place, especially for someone or something being chased or hunted
sinister adjective / making you feel that something bad or evil might happen
succumb verb / to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat
surge noun / a sudden and great increase
thwart verb / to stop something from happening or someone from doing something
tranquil adjective / calm and peaceful and without noise, violence, worry, etc.
ubiquitous adjective / seeming to be everywhere
WEEK9
c.
1300, from Latin extortionem (nominative extortio) "a
twisting out, extorting," noun of action from past participle stem
of extorquere "wrench out, wrest away, to obtain by force,"
from ex "out" (see ex-) + torquere "to
twist" (see torque (n.)).
"one
who organizes public entertainments," 1746, from
Italian impresario "operatic manager," literally
"undertaker (of a business)," from impresa "undertaking,
enterprise, attempt," fem. of impreso, past participle
of imprendere "undertake," from Vulgar
Latin imprendere, from assimilated form of in- "into, in,
on, onto" (see in- (2))
+ prehendere "to grasp" (see prehensile).
1590s,
"sanctimonious person, religious hypocrite," from
French bigot (12c.), which is of unknown origin. Earliest French use
of the word is as the name of a people apparently in southern Gaul, which led
to the now-doubtful, on phonetic grounds, theory that the word comes
from Visigothus. The typical use in Old French seems to have been as a
derogatory nickname for Normans, the old theory (not universally accepted)
being that it springs from their frequent use of the Germanic oath bi God.
But OED dismisses in a three-exclamation-mark fury one fanciful version of the
"by god" theory as "absurdly incongruous with facts." At
the end, not much is left standing except
Spanish bigote "mustache," which also has been proposed but
not explained, and the chief virtue of which as a source seems to be there is
no evidence for or against it.
see assets.
1530s,
"sufficient estate," from Anglo-French asetz (singular),
from Old French assez (11c.) "sufficiency, satisfaction;
compensation," noun use of adverb meaning "enough, sufficiently; very
much, a great deal," from Vulgar Latin *ad satis "to
sufficiency," from Latin ad "to" (see ad-)
+ satis "enough" (see sad).
late
14c., "contrary, opposing," from Old French advers,
earlier avers (13c., Modern French adverse) "antagonistic,
unfriendly, contrary, foreign" (as in gent avers "infidel
race"), from Latin adversus "turned against, turned toward,
fronting, facing," figuratively "hostile, adverse, unfavorable,"
past participle of advertere "to turn toward,"
from ad "to" (see ad-) + vertere "to
turn, turn back; be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed"
(see versus). For distinction of use,
see averse. Related: Adversely.
1832,
"surroundings, environment," picked up by De Quincey from
French entourage, from Middle French entourer "to
surround" (16c.), from Old French entour "that which
surrounds" (10c.), from en- "in" (see en- (1)) + tour "a
circuit" (see tour). Specific sense of
"attendant persons, persons among whom as followers or companions one is
accustomed to move" recorded in English by 1860.
c.
1400, in reference to wounds, ulcers, etc., "full of corrupt or poisonous
matter," from Latin virulentus "poisonous,"
from virus "poison" (see virus). Figurative sense of
"violent, spiteful" is attested from c. 1600.
Related: Virulently.
Old
English spiwan "spew, spit," from
Proto-Germanic *spiew- (source also of Old Saxon spiwan, Old
Norse spyja, Old Frisian spiwa, Middle Dutch spijen,
Dutch spuwen, Old High German spiwan, German speien,
Gothic spiewan "to spit"), from
PIE *sp(y)eu- "to spew, spit," probably ultimately of
imitative origin (source also of Latin spuere; Greek ptuein,
Doric psyttein; Old Church Slavonic pljuja, Russian plevati;
Lithuanian spiauti). Also in Old English as a weak verb, speowan.
Related: Spewed; spewing.
mid-13c., venim, venym,
"poison secreted by some animals and transferred by biting," from
Anglo-French and Old French venim, venin "poison;
malice," from Vulgar Latin *venimen (source also of
Italian veleno, Spanish veneno), from
Latin venenum "poison," earlier (pre-classical) "drug,
medical potion," also "charm, seduction," probably originally
"love potion," from PIE *wenes-no-, from
root *wen- (1) "to strive after, wish, desire" (see Venus). Variously deformed in post-Latin
languages, apparently by dissimilation. Modern spelling in English from late
14c. The meaning "bitter, virulent feeling or language" is first
recorded c. 1300.
1596,
in blatant beast, coined by Edmund Spenser in "The Faerie Queen"
to describe a thousand-tongued monster representing slander; probably suggested
by Latin blatire "to babble." It entered general use 1650s,
as "noisy in an offensive and vulgar way;" the sense of
"obvious, glaringly conspicuous" is from 1889.
Related: Blatantly.
early
15c., "to disturb, trouble," from Middle
French soliciter (14c.), from Latin sollicitare "to
disturb, rouse, trouble, harass; stimulate, provoke,"
from sollicitus "agitated," from sollus "whole,
entire" + citus "aroused," past participle
of ciere "shake, excite, set in motion" (see cite).
Related: Solicited; soliciting.
Meaning "entreat, petition" is from 1520s. Meaning "to further (business affairs)" evolved mid-15c. from Middle French sense of "manage affairs." The sexual sense (often in reference to prostitutes) is attested from 1710, probably from a merger of the business sense and an earlier sense of "to court or beg the favor of" (a woman), attested from 1590s.
Meaning "entreat, petition" is from 1520s. Meaning "to further (business affairs)" evolved mid-15c. from Middle French sense of "manage affairs." The sexual sense (often in reference to prostitutes) is attested from 1710, probably from a merger of the business sense and an earlier sense of "to court or beg the favor of" (a woman), attested from 1590s.
1610s,
from Latin astutus "crafty, wary, shrewd; sagacious,
expert," from astus "cunning, cleverness, adroitness,"
which is of uncertain origin, perhaps from
Greek asty "town," a word borrowed into Latin and with an
overtone of "city sophistication" (compare asteism). Related: Astutely; astuteness.
"plead
in favor of," 1640s, from advocate (n.) or from Latin advocatus,
past participle of advocare. Related: Advocated; advocating.
mid-14c.,
"one whose profession is to plead cases in a court of justice," a
technical term from Roman law, from Old
French avocat "barrister, advocate, spokesman," from
Latin advocatus "one called to aid (another); a pleader (on
one's behalf), advocate," noun use of past participle of advocare "to
call (as witness or adviser), summon, invite; call to aid; invoke,"
from ad "to" (see ad-) + vocare "to
call" (see voice (n.)). Also in Middle English
as "one who intercedes for another," and "protector, champion,
patron." Feminine forms advocatess, advocatrice were in use
in 15c.; advocatrix is from 17c.
early
15c., "pleasant," from Late Latin amicabilis "friendly,"
a word in Roman law, from Latin amicus "friend," ultimately
from amare "to love" (see Amy). In modern use
"characterized by friendliness, free from hard feelings, peaceable,
socially harmonious." Compare amiable, which is the same word through
French. Related: Amicableness.
late
13c., from Old French maladie "sickness, illness, disease"
(13c.), from malade "ill" (12c.), from Latin male
habitus "doing poorly, feeling sick," literally
"ill-conditioned," from male "badly" (see mal-) + habitus, past participle
of habere "have, hold" (see habit (n.)).
Related: Maladies.
c.
1600, from Latin nefarius "wicked, abominable, impious,"
from nefas "crime, wrong, impiety,"
from ne- "not" (see un- (1))
+ fas "right, lawful, divinely spoken," related
to fari "to speak," from PIE root *bha- (2)
"to speak, tell, say" (see fame (n.)). Related: Nefariously.
1670s,
from scrutiny + -ize.
Related: Scrutinized; scrutinizing. Earlier verb
was scrutine (1590s), from French.
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