e- out. evade, evacuate, evaporate.
alter- to change, translate. alternative, alterable, alternate
contra- opposite, against. contract, contradance, contradict.
dis- lack of, not, standing for negative. dislike, discourage, disease.
in- without, into. inevitable, input, increase.
nova- star.
dic- to say. predict, dictation, dictionary.
※Definition
nettle:a herbaceous plant that has jagged leaves covered with stinging hairs.
valor:great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
permeate:spread throughout (something); pervade.
viable:capable of working successfully; feasible.
importune:ask (someone) pressingly and persistently for or to do something.
subjugate:bring under domination or control, especially by conquest.
※Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer. His most famous works are Treasure Island, Kidnapped, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and A Child's Garden of Verses.
※Edith Hamilton
Edith Hamilton (August 12, 1867 – May 31, 1963) was an American educator and author who was "recognized as the greatest woman Classicist." She was 62 years old when The Greek Way, her first book, was published in 1930. It was instantly successful, and is the earliest expression of her belief in "the calm lucidity of the Greek mind" and "that the great thinkers of Athens were unsurpassed in their mastery of truth and enlightenment."
※Doubting Thomas
A doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience—a reference to the Apostle Thomas, who refused to believe that the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles, until he could see and feel the wounds received by Jesus on the cross.
※Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a novella by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson first published in 1886. The work is commonly known today as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, or simply Jekyll & Hyde. It is about a London lawyer named Gabriel John Utterson who investigates strange occurrences between his old friend, Dr. Henry Jekyll, and the evil Edward Hyde. The novella's impact is such that it has become a part of the language, with the very phrase "Jekyll and Hyde" coming to mean a person who is vastly different in moral character from one situation to the next.
※Once Upon A Dream
When it's all began,
We knew there'd be a price...
Once upon a dream,
I was lost in love's embrace.
There I found a perfect place,
Once upon a dream.
Once there was a time,
Like no other time before,
Hope was still an open door,
Once upon a dream.
And I was unafraid,
The dream was so exciting!
But now I see it fade...
And I am here alone!
Once upon a dream,
You were heaven-sent to me,
Was it never meant to be?
Was it just a dream?
Could we begin again!...
Once upon a dream.
This is the moment
This is the day
When I send all of my doubts and demons
On there way
Every endeavor
I have made ever
Is coming into play
Is here and now today
This is the moment
This is the time
When the mommentum and the moment
Are in rhyme
Give me this moment
This precious chance
I'll gather up my past
And I'll make some sense at last
This is the moment
When all I've done
All of the dreaming and scheming and screaming become one
This is the day
See it sparkle and shine
When all I've lived for
Becomes mine
For all these years
I've faced the world alone
And now the time has come to prove to them I've made it on my own
This is the moment
My final test
Destiny beckoned
I never reckoned second best
I won't look down
I must not fall
Moment for moment
This is the moment
The sweetest moment of them all
This is the moment
Damn all the odds
This day or never
I sit forever with the gods
When I look back
I will always recall
Moment for moment
This was the moment
The greatest moment
Of them all!
Every endeavor
I have made ever
Is coming into play
Is here and now today
This is the moment
This is the time
When the mommentum and the moment
Are in rhyme
Give me this moment
This precious chance
I'll gather up my past
And I'll make some sense at last
This is the moment
When all I've done
All of the dreaming and scheming and screaming become one
This is the day
See it sparkle and shine
When all I've lived for
Becomes mine
For all these years
I've faced the world alone
And now the time has come to prove to them I've made it on my own
This is the moment
My final test
Destiny beckoned
I never reckoned second best
I won't look down
I must not fall
Moment for moment
This is the moment
The sweetest moment of them all
This is the moment
Damn all the odds
This day or never
I sit forever with the gods
When I look back
I will always recall
Moment for moment
This was the moment
The greatest moment
Of them all!
※Vocabulary Journal
WEEK13
WEEK13
"harass
with solicitation, demand persistently," 1520s, back-formation from importunity, or else from Middle
French importuner, from Medieval Latin importunari "to make
oneself troublesome," from Latin importunus "unfit,
unfavorable, troublesome," literally "having no harbor" (thus
"difficult to access"), from assimilated form
of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1))
+ portus "harbor" (see port (n.1)).
Related: Importuned; importuning. As an adjective from early
15c. Portunus was the Roman deity of harbours;
hence Portunium "temple of Portunus."
late
Old English hæfen "haven, port," from Old
Norse höfn "haven, harbor" or directly from
Proto-Germanic *hafno- (source also of Danish havn, Middle Low
German havene, German Hafen), perhaps from
PIE *kap- "to seize, hold contain" (see capable, and compare have) on notion of place that
"holds" ships. But compare Old Norse haf, Old
English hæf "sea" (see haff). Figurative sense of
"refuge," now practically the only sense, is c. 1200.
early
15c., a back-formation from subjugation or else from
Latin subiugatus, past participle of subiugare "to
subjugate." Related: Subjugated; subjugating.
mid-15c.,
from Latin surrepticius "stolen, furtive, clandestine,"
from surreptus, past participle of surripere "seize secretly,
take away, steal, plagiarize," from assimilated form
of sub "from under" (hence, "secretly;" see sub-) + rapere "to
snatch" (see rapid). Related: Surreptitiously.
1640s,
from in- (1) "not"
+ controvertible (see controvert).
Related: Incontrovertibly; incontrovertibility.
1788,
American English, from Latin eventus, past participle
of eventire (see event).
Related: Eventuated; eventuating.
c.
1600, from Latin subterraneus "underground,"
from sub "under, beneath" (see sub-) + terra "earth,
the ground" (see terrain) + -an.
1620s,
from Latin emittere "send forth," from assimilated form
of ex "out" (see ex-) + mittere "to
send" (see mission).
Related: Emitted; emitting.
1650s,
from Late Latin ultimatus, past participle of ultimare "to
be final, come to an end," from Latin ultimus (fem. ultima)
"last, final, farthest, most distant, extreme," superlative
of *ulter "beyond" (see ultra-). As a noun from
1680s. Ultimate Frisbee is attested by 1972.
1828,
from French viable "capable of life" (1530s), from vie "life"
(from Latin vita "life;" see vital) + -able. Originally of newborn infants;
generalized sense is first recorded 1848. Related: Viably.
"to
state before something else," mid-15c., from premise (n.).
Related: Premised; premising.
late
14c., in logic, "a previous proposition from which another follows,"
from Old French premisse (14c.), from Medieval
Latin premissa (propositio or sententia) "(the
proposition) set before," noun use of fem. past participle of
Latin praemittere "send forward, put before,"
from prae "before" (see pre-) + mittere "to
send" (see mission). In legal documents it meant
"matter previously stated" (early 15c.), which in deeds or wills
often was a house or building, hence the extended meaning "house or
building, with grounds" (1730).
"unbelieving,"
1570s, from Latin incredulus "unbelieving, incredulous,"
from in- "not" (see in- (1))
+ credulus (see credulous). Formerly also of religious
beliefs. Related: Incredulously; incredulousness.
1640s,
from jeopardy + -ize.
Related: Jeopardized; jeopardizing. As a verb, Middle English used
simple jeopard (late 14c.), a back-formation from jeopardy.
chiefly
British English spelling of jeopardize; for suffix, see -ize.
Related: Jeopardised; jeopardising.
1650s,
from Latin permeatus, past participle of permeare "to pass
through" (see permeable).
Related: Permeated; permeating.
mid-15c.,
from Anglo-French propicius, Old
French propicius "gracious, favorable, useful" (12c.,
Modern French propice) and directly from
Latin propitius "favorable, kind, gracious, well-disposed"
(see propitiation). Earlier English form
was propice, from Old French propice. Related: Propitiously.
late
15c., from Middle French courtault "made short,"
from court "short" (Old French cort, from
Latin curtus; see curt) + -ault pejorative
suffix of Germanic origin. Originally curtal; used of horses with docked
tails, which probably influenced the spelling in general
use; curtal is retained in poetics to describe a
"shortened" stanza or poem. Related: Curtailed; curtailing.
1630s,
"hidden, occult, mystical," from Late Latin crypticus, from
Greek kryptikos "fit for concealing,"
from kryptos "hidden" (see crypt). Meaning "mysterious,
enigmatic" is recorded from 1920. Related: Cryptically.
late
14c., "to check, restrain," from Latin repressus, past
participle of reprimere "hold back, curb," figuratively
"check, confine, restrain, refrain,"
from re- "back" (see re-) + premere "to push"
(see press (v.1)).
Used of feelings or desires from late 14c.; in the purely psychological sense, it represents German verdrängen (Freud, 1893), first attested 1904 (implied in repressed). Meaning "to put down" (a rebellion, etc.) is from late 15c. Related: Repressed; repressing.
Used of feelings or desires from late 14c.; in the purely psychological sense, it represents German verdrängen (Freud, 1893), first attested 1904 (implied in repressed). Meaning "to put down" (a rebellion, etc.) is from late 15c. Related: Repressed; repressing.
c.
1400, in law, "to charge, allege," from Old French surmis, past
participle of surmettre "to accuse,"
from sur- "upon" (see sur- (1))
+ mettre "put," from Latin mittere "to
send" (see mission). Meaning "to infer
conjecturally" is recorded from 1700, from the noun.
Related: Surmised; surmising.
"recently
or just begun," 1530s, from Latin inchoatus, past participle
of inchoare, alteration of incohare "commence, begin,"
probably originally "to hitch up," traditionally derived
from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + a verb
from cohum "strap (fastened to the oxen's yoke)," a word of
obscure origin. De Vaan says that as, incohere "is a frequent
verb, ... its meaning can easily have derived from 'to yoke a plough to a team
of oxen' ..., in other words, 'to start work.' Thus, there might be a core of
truth in the ancient connection of cohum with a yoke."
WEEK14
c.
1400, "to beat with nettles," from nettle (n.). Figurative sense of
"irritate, provoke" is from 1560s. Related: Nettled; nettling.
Nettled.
Teized, provoked, out of temper. He or she has pissed on a nettle; said of one
who is pevish or out of temper. [Grose, "Dictionary of the Vulgar
Tongue," 1785]
stinging
plant, Old English netele, from Proto-Germanic *natilon (source
also of Old Saxon netila, Middle Dutch netele, Dutch netel,
German Nessel, M.Da. nædlæ "nettle"), diminutive
of *naton, perhaps from PIE root *ned- "to twist,
knot" (see net (n.)). "[N]ettles or
plants of closely related genera such as hemp were used as a source of
fiber" [Watkins].
"strive
for," c. 1400, from Old French aspirer "aspire to; inspire;
breathe, breathe on" (12c.), from Latin aspirare "to
breathe upon, blow upon, to breathe," also, in transferred senses,
"to be favorable to, assist; to climb up to, to endeavor to obtain, to
reach to, to seek to reach; infuse," from ad- "to"
(see ad-) + spirare "to
breathe" (see spirit (n.)). The notion is of
"panting with desire," or perhaps of rising smoke.
Related: Aspired; aspiring.
formerly
also enveigh, late 15c., "to introduce," from
Latin invehere "to bring in, carry in, introduce," also
"assault, assail," from in- "against" (see in- (1))
+ vehere "to carry" (see vehicle). Meaning "to give vent to
violent denunciation" is from 1520s, from a secondary sense in Latin
(see invective).
Related: Inveighed; inveighing.
early
14c., "open to view," from Old French overt (Modern
French ouvert), past participle of ovrir "to open,"
from Latin aperire "to open, uncover," from PIE
compound *ap-wer-yo- from *ap- "off, away"
(see abo-) + base *wer- (5)
"to cover" (see weir). Compare
Latin operire "to cover," from the same root with PIE
prefix *op- "over;" and
Lithuanian atveriu "open," uzveriu "shut."
1590s
"to banish, send into exile," from Latin relegatus, past
participle of relegare "remove, dismiss, banish, send away,
schedule, put aside," from re- "back" (see re-) + legare "send
with a commission" (see legate). Meaning "place in a
position of inferiority" is recorded from 1790.
Related: Relegated; relegating; relegable.
c.
1500, "lying on the back," from Latin supinus "bent
backwards, thrown backwards, lying on the back," figuratively
"inactive, indolent," from PIE *(s)up- (see sub-). The grammatical use for
"Latin verbal noun formed from the past participle stem" (mid-15c.)
is from Late Latin supinum verbum "supine verb," perhaps so
called because, though furnished with a noun case ending, it "falls
back" on the verb. Related: Supinely.
1540s,
alteration of racen "pull or knock down" (a building or
town), from earlier rasen (14c.) "to scratch, slash, scrape,
erase," from Old French raser "to scrape, shave"
(see rase).
Related: Razed; razing.
early
15c., from Latin repulsus, past participle
of repellere "drive back, reject" (see repel).
Related: Repulsed; repulsing.
1530s,
from Latin repulsa "refusal, denial," noun use of fem. past
participle of repellere (see repel).
1706,
from Russian mammot', probably from Ostyak, a Finno-Ugric language of
northern Russia (compare Finnish maa "earth"). Because the
remains were dug from the earth, the animal was believed to root like a mole.
As an adjective, "gigantic," from 1802; in this sense "the word
appears to be originally American" [Thornton, "American Glossary"],
and its first uses are in derogatory accounts of the cheese wheel, more than 4
feet in diameter, sent to President Jefferson by the ladies of the Baptist
congregation in Cheshire, Massachusetts, as a present, engraved with the motto
"Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." Federalist editors mocked
the affair, and called up the word mammoth (known from Peale's
exhibition) to characterize it.
early
15c., from the expression cry havoc "give the signal to
pillage" (Anglo-French crier havok, late 14c.). Havok, the
signal to soldiers to seize plunder, is from Old
French havot "pillaging, looting" (in crier havot),
which is related to haver "to seize, grasp," hef "hook,"
probably from a Germanic source (see hawk (n.)), or from
Latin habere "to have, possess." General sense of
"devastation" first recorded late 15c.
early
15c., inscisif, "slashing, cutting with a sharp edge," from Old
French incisif (medical) "invasive, effective," and
directly from Medieval Latin incisivus, from Latin incis-, past
participle stem of incidere "to cut into" (see incision). Originally literal; figurative
sense of "mentally acute, sharply and clearly expressive" first
recorded 1850 as a borrowing from French.
Related: Incisively; incisiveness.
1810,
perhaps from hurry-scurry (1732), a reduplication of hurry (v.). As a noun, 1823, from
the verb.
"causing
or resulting in death," 1580s, from Late Latin lethalis, alteration
of Latin letalis "deadly, fatal,"
from lethum/letum "death," a word of uncertain origin.
According to de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *leto-, which is perhaps a noun
from a PIE past participle of a verb meaning "let, let go," on the
notion of death as "a letting go." If so, related to Old Church
Slavonic leto "summer, year" (from notion of
"going"), Russian leto "summer," (pl.) "age,
years;" Russian let' (archaic) "it is possible,
allowed;" Old Norse lað, Old English læð "land,"
Gothic unleds "poor." The form altered in Late Latin by
association with lethes hydor "water of oblivion" in Hades
in Greek mythology, from Greek lethe "forgetfulness"
(see Lethe).
"to
hurl or fling down," 1520s, a back formation from precipitation or else from
Latin praecipitatus, past participle of praecipitare "to
throw or dive headlong," from praeceps "steep, headlong,
headfirst" (see precipice). Meaning "to cause to
happen, hurry the beginning of" is recorded from 1620s. Chemical sense is
from 1620s; meteorological sense first attested 1863.
Related: Precipitated; precipitating.
1804,
"to cast a stereotype plate," from stereotype (n.). From 1819 in the
figurative sense "fix firmly or unchangeably." By 1953 as
"assign preconceived and oversimplified notion of characteristics typical
of a person or group." Related: Stereotyped; stereotyping.
1798,
"method of printing from a plate," from
French stéréotype (adj.) "printed by means of a solid plate of
type," from Greek stereos "solid" (see stereo-) +
French type "type" (see type (n.)). Meaning "a
stereotype plate" is from 1817. Meaning "image perpetuated without
change" is first recorded 1850, from the verb in this sense. Meaning
"preconceived and oversimplified notion of characteristics typical of a
person or group" is recorded from 1922.
1660s,
"church benefice with an emolument but without parish duties," from
Medieval Latin beneficium sine cura "benefice without care"
(of souls), from Latin sine "without" (see sans) + cura, ablative singular
of cura "care" (see cure (n.1)).
"of
powerful voice," c. 1600, from Stentor, legendary Greek herald in the
Trojan War, whose voice (described in the "Iliad") was as loud as 50
men. His name is from Greek stenein "groan, moan," from PIE
imitative root *(s)ten-, source of Old English þunor "thunder."
1620s,
literal and figurative, from bias (n.).
Related: Biased; biasing.
1520s,
from French biais "slant, slope, oblique," also
figuratively, "expedient, means" (13c., originally in Old French a
past participle adjective, "sideways, askance, against the grain"),
which is of unknown origin, probably from Old Provençal biais, with
cognates in Old Catalan and Sardinian; possibly from Vulgar
Latin *(e)bigassius, from Greek epikarsios "athwart,
crosswise, at an angle," from epi- "upon"
+ karsios "oblique," from PIE *krs-yo-,
from root *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (see shear (v.)). It became a noun in
Old French. "[A] technical term in the game of bowls, whence come all the
later uses of the word" [OED]. Transferred sense of "predisposition,
prejudice" is from 1570s in English.
WEEK15
1650s,
from French complicité, from Old
French complice "accomplice, comrade, companion" (14c.),
from Late Latin complicem, accusative of complex "partner,
confederate," from Latin complicare "to fold together"
(see complicate; also compare accomplice).
1570s,
in law, of debts, noun of action from past participle stem of Late
Latin liquidare "melt, make liquid" (see liquidate). Originally as a legal term in
reference to assets; of companies going out of business, 1869; of inconvenient
groups of persons, "a killing, a wiping out," 1925 in communist
writings. In O. Henry, "the act of taking a drink of liquor."
late
13c., coupable, from Old French coupable (12c., Modern
French coupable), from Latin culpabilis "worthy of
blame," from culpare "to blame,"
from culpa "crime, fault, blame, guilt, error." English
(and for a time French) restored the first Latin -l- in later Middle
Ages.
1530s,
from Latin recantare "recall, revoke,"
from re- "back" (see re-) + cantare "to
chant" (see chant (v.)). A word from the
Reformation. Loan-translation of
Greek palinoidein "recant," from palin "back"
+ oeidein "to sing."
Related: Recanted; recanting.
"associate
in crime," 1580s, an unetymological extension of
earlier complice "an associate or confederate" (early
15c.), from Old French complice "a confederate, partner"
(not in a criminal sense), from Late
Latin complicem (nominative complex) "partner,
confederate," from Latin complicare "to involve,"
literally "fold together" (see complicate). Altered perhaps on model
of accomplish, etc., or by assimilation of the indefinite article
in a complice.
1610s,
from Latin praecludere "to close, shut off; hinder,
impede," from prae "before, ahead" (see pre-) + claudere "to
shut" (see close (v.)).
Related: Precluded; precluding.
mid-15c.,
"quoted," past participle adjective from allege. Attested from 1610s in sense of
"brought forth in court;" 1670s as "asserted but not
proved."
"abolish
by authoritative act, repeal," 1520s, from Latin abrogatus, past
participle of abrogare "to annul, repeal (a law),"
from ab "off, away from" (see ab-) + rogare "propose
(a law), ask, request" (see rogation). Form abrogen, from Old
French abroger, is recorded from early 15c. Related: Abrogated; abrogating; abrogative.
1962,
originally in computing, from access (n.).
Related: Accessed; accessing.
early
14c., "an attack of fever," from Old
French acces "onslaught, attack; onset (of an illness)"
(14c.), from Latin accessus "a coming to, an approach; way of
approach, entrance," noun use of past participle
of accedere "to approach" (see accede). English sense of "an
entrance" (c. 1600) is directly from Latin. Meaning "habit or power
of getting into the presence of (someone or something)" is from late 14c.
"not
of the essence or inner nature of a thing," 1540s, from
French extrinsèque, from Late Latin extrinsecus (adj.)
"outer," from Latin extrinsecus (adv.) "outwardly, on
the outside; from without, from abroad,"
from exter "outside" + in, suffix of locality,
+ secus "beside, alongside," originally
"following," from PIE *sekw-os "following," from
root *sekw- (1) "to follow" (see sequel).
Old
English landmearc "object set up to mark the boundaries of a
kingdom, estate, etc.," from land (n.)
+ mearc (see mark (n.1)). General sense of
"conspicuous object in a landscape," originally especially one that
can be seen from sea, is from 1560s. Modern figurative sense of "event,
etc., considered a high point in history" is from 1859.
late
14c., from Middle French déclamer and directly from
Latin declamare "to practice public speaking, to bluster,"
from de- intensive prefix + clamare "to cry,
shout" (see claim (v.)). At first in English
spelled declame, but altered under influence of claim.
Related: Declaimed; declaiming.
c.
1300, from Old English gefetrian, from the noun (see fetter (n.)).
Related: Fettered; fettering.
Old
English fetor "chain or shackle by which a person or animal is
bound by the feet," figuratively "check, restraint," from
Proto-Germanic *fetero (source also of Old
Saxon feteros (plural), Middle
Dutch veter "fetter," in modern Dutch "lace,
string," Old High German fezzera, Old Norse fiöturr,
Swedish fjätter "fetter"), from PIE
root *ped- (1) "foot" (see foot (n.)). The generalized sense
of "anything that shackles" had evolved in Old English.
Related Fetters.
1540s,
from Middle French paragon "a model, pattern of excellence"
(15c., Modern French parangon), from Italian paragone, originally
"touchstone to test gold" (early 14c.),
from paragonare "to test on a touchstone, compare," from
Greek parakonan "to sharpen, whet,"
from para- "on the side" (see para- (1))
+ akone "whetstone," from PIE root *ak- "be
sharp, be pointed" (see acro-).
1580s,
from Late Latin controversialis "pertaining to
controversy," from Latin controversia (see controversy).
c.
1200, asprete "hardship, harshness of feelings," a
figurative use, from Old French asperité "difficulty, painful
situation, harsh treatment" (12c., Modern French âpreté), from
Latin asperitatem (nominative asperitas) "roughness,"
from asper "rough, harsh," which is of unknown origin; in
Latin used also of sour wine, bad weather, and hard times. Figurative meaning
"harshness of feeling" in English is attested from early 15c.
raptorial
bird, 1874, from Latin accipiter, a generic name for birds of prey,
especially the common hawk. According to de Vaan, "generally assumed"
to be from a Proto-Italic *aku-petri- "having pointed (that is,
'swift') wings" (see acro- + ptero-) and compares
Greek okypteros "with swift wings,"
Sanskrit asu-patvan- "flying swiftly," "all of which
are used as epithets to birds of prey." Under this theory the
initial acc- is by influence of the verb accipere "to
take" (whence also Latin acceptor "falcon;" see accept). Or the sense could be literal,
"with pointed wings." The proper plural would be accipitres.
Related: Accipitral; accipitrine (1809).
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